Breast oncologic surgery primarily focuses on the removal of cancerous tissues from the breast. This includes procedures like lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery) and mastectomy, where either part of the breast or the entire breast is removed, depending on the extent of cancer. The goal is to eliminate cancer while ensuring the best possible oncological outcome.
Oncoplastic surgery is a progressive approach that combines the principles of cancer surgery with plastic and reconstructive techniques. After the removal of cancerous tissue, oncoplastic surgery aims to reconstruct the breast to preserve or improve its appearance. This involves reshaping the remaining breast tissue, and sometimes the other breast, to maintain symmetry. Techniques may include local tissue rearrangement, breast reduction, or augmentation methods, and even the use of flaps from other body areas.
The integration of oncoplastic surgery in breast cancer treatment enables patients not only to achieve the primary objective of cancer removal but also to improve or restore the breast's appearance, significantly enhancing the patient's quality of life and psychological well-being post-surgery.
Breast Reconstruction Surgery
Breast reconstruction surgery is a procedure for restoring the shape, appearance, and size of the breast after a mastectomy or lumpectomy. This surgery plays a pivotal role in improving the emotional and psychological well-being of patients who have undergone breast cancer treatments. There are several techniques for breast reconstruction, each tailored to meet the unique needs and preferences of the patient.
- Implant-Based Reconstruction: This is one of the most common methods. It involves the placement of a breast implant to recreate the breast mound. It may be done in stages, starting with a tissue expander to stretch the skin and create space for the implant.
- Autologous (Flap) Reconstruction: This technique uses tissue from another part of the patient's body, like the abdomen, back, or thigh, to form a new breast. Common types of flap surgeries include:
- DIEP Flap (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap): Uses tissue from the abdominal area.
- Latissimus Dorsi Flap: Utilizes muscle and skin from the upper back.
- Nipple and Areola Reconstruction: After the initial breast reconstruction, the nipple and areola can be recreated using local tissue and tattooing for color.
- Fat Grafting: This method involves transferring fat from another part of the body to the breast. It's often used to refine the shape and contour of the reconstructed breast.
Breast reconstruction can be performed immediately following a mastectomy (immediate reconstruction) or at a later time (delayed reconstruction). The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's medical history, body type, and personal preferences. The goal is to achieve a natural appearance and symmetry, helping patients regain confidence and comfort in their bodies.
SEE 3D ANIMATIONS on the website www.plasticsurgery.org